Application Notes
Steel grades for Karachi's tool and die shops: D2, H13, K100, P20 compared
A buyer's guide to the four main tool and mold steel grades Karachi's die shops order, and how to tell which one a job actually needs.
Sourcing steel for auto parts forging: a PAAPAM supplier's grade checklist
A practical grade-selection checklist for Pakistani auto parts forging shops, built around what PAAPAM-member companies actually forge and heat treat.
What steel goes into a Sialkot surgical instrument, and why
Sialkot is one of the world's largest surgical instrument manufacturing clusters. Here's the steel behind it, and why the grade choice varies by instrument type.
Plastic injection mold steel in Pakistan: P20, P20-Ni, and 2083 compared
A grade comparison for Pakistani mold makers choosing between P20, P20-Ni, and 2083 for plastic injection and die-casting tooling.
Gear and shaft steel for Pakistan's forging sector: 4140, 8620, and 5140 side by side
Three alloy steel grades cover most of the gear and shaft work in Pakistan's forging sector. Here's how to tell which one a given part actually needs.
Cutting tool steel for machine shops: M2, M42, and when to upgrade
M2 covers most high speed steel cutting tool needs. Here's when a Pakistani machine shop should actually pay more for M42's cobalt addition.
Cutlery-grade stainless: what Wazirabad manufacturers actually buy
Wazirabad is Pakistan's cutlery capital and the world's third-largest cutlery exporter. Here's the stainless steel behind that industry and how sourcing actually works there.
Bearing and precision shaft steel: EN31 and where it's used locally
EN31 bearing steel serves a narrower, more technical buyer than general forging steel. Here's what it's for and who in Pakistan actually needs it.